|
楼主 |
发表于 2008-12-16 10:14:16
|
显示全部楼层
35-9-第九节 贝赫切特病
贝赫切特病是一累及多系统、多器官的全身性疾病,基本病理改变为血管炎,临床表现复杂多样,主要表现为前色素膜炎、后色素膜炎、视网膜血管炎、反复口腔及生殖器溃疡。本病还可累及皮肤、关节、神经系统、消化系统,并可能造成大动脉和大静脉的损害。早期的报道较少提及本病累及肾脏,但近20年来已有较多有关贝赫切特病合并肾脏损害的报道,肾损害的病理类型也多种多样。不过,贝赫切特病累及肾脏总的发生率并不高,在 10%左右。继发于贝赫切特病的肾损害其发生机制目前还不是很清楚,可能的机制包括:①合并原发性肾小球肾炎;②继发于小血管炎的肾损害;③合并肾脏淀粉样变。
A8 _$ q- S3 R. \
) m+ B' |( a, K3 e 一、原发性肾小球肾炎
" a; c) @9 ?! A' g
9 R& c; w- O& [3 ` 原发性肾小球肾炎是文献报道的贝赫切特病合并肾损害最主要的类型,主要的临床表现为血尿、蛋白尿,极个别的患者表现为肾病综合征和/或肾功能不全。目前有肾活检病理的病例约30余例,多数为个案报道,描述的病理类型多种多样,包括微小病变、膜性肾病、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、IgA肾病以及局灶和弥漫性增殖性肾小球肾炎等。其中样本量较大的一篇报道来自Kamal等,在 120例贝赫切特病患者中有9例(7.5%)合并肾损害,其中有4例有肾脏病理,3例为轻到中度的系膜增生性肾小球肾炎,其中2例免疫荧光以Igm在系膜区颗粒状沉积为主,1例免疫荧光全阴性,另有1例经刚果红染色及电镜证实为肾淀粉样变。这些个案报道中最常见的病理类型为IgA肾病,目前共有11例报道,其中10例来自日本多家医院的报道。
; x e4 I/ x2 n) H+ ]+ n
/ y3 S9 R' H9 L4 b 二、血管炎相关的肾损害 7 A+ A0 X- y6 T
' k1 f% p. Z1 @5 f1 r7 ~ X
贝赫切特病合并肾损害的临床表现中,肾功能不全不多见,但一旦出现,多数测定ANCA阳性,病理表现多为坏死性小血管炎和新月体肾炎。部分病例对激素和环磷酞胺的治疗有显效。
2 y/ j+ n) L% W8 M) u* F) [6 G& a2 v$ M3 x( _* q7 _$ \& }
三、肾脏淀粉样变
' t Y5 R, c- V$ S
1 w5 i i; N, L3 E8 o5 c' U/ L 迄今世界范围内共有31例贝赫切特病合并淀粉样变的文献报道,其中部分病例临床表现为肾病综合征和/或肾功能不全,血压一般不高,肾损害的原因同系统性淀粉样变累及肾脏致肾脏淀粉样变有关。部分病例对秋水仙碱的治疗效果满意。
. N6 t# x( z( U6 z) {' j) X E Z0 _ ( 毕增棋 李 航 孙 阳 )
& P+ J! g9 Y- R% s+ b) J% a8 p( w% p* S1 R6 i+ Z7 V! W8 D5 F4 Z
参考文献/ ^5 C; e4 Z( K/ |8 ^" P
# ^. W; D/ `8 P& N+ D
李航,李学旺.淀粉样变27例临床分析.北京医学,1999.21(5)259一263
* ~1 B( O" \" \" ` W
6 A( H6 w% E3 N- N 李航,李学旺,黄庆元等.62例男性狼疮肾炎临床分析.中国医学科学院学报,2000.22(4),395
9 j) W; Z* N7 d2 q1 V1 ]; x7 A5 {+ a K: H
李学旺.淀粉样变肾病.见:方忻主编.现代内科学.北京:人民军医出版社,1995.3007一3009
) J% {' A3 K1 [! }3 [# ^
2 Q" V5 r! x) M8 j5 C 李学旺.狼疮性肾炎.见:方沂主编.现代内科学.北京:人民军医出版社,1995.2986一2992 $ `$ O/ i: e0 Q- J! c5 J
; R f0 a5 U& T
任红,陈 楠,陈晓农等.84例干燥综合征合并肾脏损害的临床与病理分析.中华内科学杂志,2001.40:367 -369 . _# V& S" W8 {5 f1 A
. k9 C9 Z" @. ]
杨军,李学旺,黄庆元等.原发性干燥综合征26例合并肾脏损害临床及病理分析.中华内科学杂志,1997.36:28一31
1 |* e' J+ Q% p" P6 z- K I
7 b5 W: t ^2 v" ` 曾学军,陈 杰,董怡等.系统性硬化的肾脏损害.中华肾脏病杂志,1998.14:111一113
0 }0 {; K, ` |7 V4 p6 `) r% `7 ]* |' ^! k% D
Akhtar, M, AI-Dalaan, A, EI-Ramahi, KM. Pauci-immunenecrotizing lupus nephritis: Report of two cases. Am J KidneyDis,1994.23:320 8 S8 m1 t* e6 C: K! r; v
+ \9 Z6 S5 X2 u' l9 x Akutsu Y, Itami N, Tanaka M, et al. IgA nephritis in Bebeet's disease: Case report and review of the literaturew. ClinN即hro1,1990. 34:52一55
& D. a. D) ]. f
0 l+ r& Q$ u1 @1 \9 z) w; L Appel GB, Radhakrishnan Jai, D' Agati. Secondary glomeru-lar disease. Brenner&Rector's The Kidney vol 2 , 2001. pp 1365一1366
. D$ M8 I, J4 P! A) P; C
O- J* i J) b. Y/ B Bansal, VK,Bete,JA. Treatment of lupus nephritis: A meta-analysis of clinical trials. Am J Kidney Dis,1997. 29:193.
" T5 W: p8 o+ r! I$ F2 _7 E! g7 M4 H3 i- H
Biasi D,Carletto A,Caramaschi P, Pacer ML, Bambara LM.Rheumatoid arthritis and the kidney. Pinpointing an aspect ofconfusing contours. Recenti Prog Med,1999.90(7-8):403一406 / D. Y2 ^ b8 s! M0 ^4 P$ {: A: _
; N8 w' `8 {6 }! J2 T! H Bossini N,Savoldi S, Franceschini F et al. Clinical and mor-phological features of kidney involvement in primary Sjogren' ssyndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2001.16:2328一2336 1 }: J3 f. q2 G# O& J2 c9 h- \! ~
5 \3 \, U+ W- f8 A: i; F Boumpas, DT, Austin, HA 3d, Vaughn, EM, et al. Controlledtrial of pulse methylprednisolone versus two regimens of pulse cy-clophosphamide in severe lupus nephritis. Lancet, 1992. 340:741
# d) F# s) K) C6 }7 ^/ |
' x1 ]: P- u! N) _( o3 | Carlos A et al. Dysproteinemias: Multiple Myeloma,Amyloi-dosis,and Related Disorders, In: Robert W et al, Diseases of thekidney, 5th ed,Boston,Little,Brown and Company, 1992 ; S: F: E3 d3 H0 H; F5 M* c) u! N
! ^/ ^8 ]; |+ s+ S5 H* C) ?
Davin JC,Ten Berge IJ,Weening JJ et al. What is the differ-ence between IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpuranephritis? Kidney Int, 2001. 59 (3) :823一834 4 L2 _* `* w9 a" y( g
i6 p$ ]) w# ~+ k: g( K0 ~
elfrich DJ, Banner B, Steen VD, et al. Renal failure in nor-motensive patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum,1989.32:1128一1134 ' d" M1 E3 o, f! q2 R9 j
$ i1 \) ?7 C) \$ u Helin HI, Korpela MM, Mustonen JT, et al. Renal biopsyfindings and clinicopathologic correlations in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum, 1995.38(2) :242一247
! K2 `/ R# X6 t M0 x2 I
H; O* _" @: I9 ]) |, [. K Huong,DL,Papo,T,Beaufils,H,et al. Renal involvement insystemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore),1999.78:148 4 X. F0 x# p9 G r8 q- F
* R4 y# V3 q9 A- `$ p K Aasarod,H Haga,K Berg et al. Renal involvement in pri-mary Sjogren's syndrom. QJM,2000.93L297一304 ! k7 V3 D6 l4 B' ]; a- ~/ Y
) B* G5 Q1 x8 D# u. K Kamal ME, Abdullah AD, Ahmed AS, et al. Renal Involvem ent mBecet1998.s Disease: Review of 9 Case. The Journal ofRheum25:2254一2260 7 a+ Y( l% q& i/ s
& T( _& S& [: {( z# M9 ~ Korpela M, Mustonen J, Teppo AM, Helin H, Pasternack A. Mesangial glomerulonephritis as an extra-articular manifesta-tion of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumato1,1997. 36(11):1189一1195
' w% Q0 |5 E3 D9 V
/ W7 G3 A2 H9 a+ E Lee HS, Koh HI, et al. Henock-Scholein nephritis in asults:Aclinical and norphological study. Clin Nephrol,1986. 26:125 % n, T& V6 Q( b$ Z3 ~* A
+ X" i% I$ u, B3 \ Nakano M, Ueno M, Nishi S. et al. Determination of IgA-and IgM-rheumatoid factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritiswith and without nephropathy. Ann Rheum Dis, 1996. 55 ( 8 ):520一524
9 a! b" w0 e. y8 l: ?/ R# L C9 Z; G) b1 N4 T7 z$ R, }
Robert M. Amyloidosis and Light-chain Deposition Disease.In: robert M, Clinical Problems in Nephrology, Ith ed, Boston,Little, Brown and company. 1996
0 l8 W" q. N ]/ l# N
! b8 ]; ^; s9 @ Sharon G et al. Amyloidosis, In: Barry M, The kidney 5thed, Philadelphia, W. B. SAUNDERS company, 1996.1536
7 \! s N4 o7 j9 d- s& I* \7 y& _
+ ~5 h, h; [% w* c: g0 l' H7 \ Steen VD, Syed A, Johnson JP, et al. Renal disease in sys-temic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum, 1993-36(suppl):Sl3l
: d, t; Q" w$ Y& O9 ]) T, F/ \7 ?! S2 t
Steen VD. scleroderma renal crisis. Rheuma Dis Clin NorthAm, 1996.22:861一878 / [+ y O$ S, W: D1 p [* y# \: g
0 ~: q ?7 V$ O+ H- J% t Steinberg, AD, Steinberg, SC. Long-term preservation of re-nal function in patients with lupus nephritis receiving treatmentthat includes cyclophosphamide versus those treated with pred-nisone only. Arthritis Rheum, 1991、34:945 & o: {/ U- S3 u+ N; x; s6 f
7 N6 }* o- i6 r Stone RA, Tisher CC, Hawkins HK, et al. Juxtaglomerularhyperplasia and hyperreninemia in progressive systemic sclerosiscomplicated by acute renal failure. Am J Med,1974. 56:119一123 ; K' p# V( q$ r( t5 m+ Z% b4 D
- e; s8 ~; g: |) v0 G
Tasdemir I,Sivri B,Turgan C, et al. The expanding spectrumof a disease. Behcet’s disease associated with amyloidosis.Nephron,1989.52:154一157
& O3 z& g* e7 z+ G
# n* e9 D! x e6 l Tieten DP, Moore WJ. Treatment of rapidly progressiveglomerulonephritis due to Behcet' syndrome with intravenous cy-clophosphamide. Nephron,1990.55:69一73
; }/ {/ [# D2 x& W7 B) r0 D* m3 k1 Y2 d' g" Q6 F3 w5 p3 I
Tsybul' ko SV, Baranov AA, Korshunov NI, et al. Clinico-im-munological aspects of renal lesions in rheumatoid arthritisKlinMed (Mosk),2001.79(7):52一57
6 ]" @7 s2 o. s; z$ v0 \
% i% d' v7 c0 a% }5 w8 H Waldo FB. Is Henock-Scholein purpura the systemic form ofIgA nephropathy? Am J Kidney Dis,1988.12;373 |
|