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18-3-第三节 小 结
许多软骨基质蛋白或结构区,如II型、IX型和XI型胶原、软骨糖蛋白39、聚合素G1结构区、泛能素Gl结构区及连接蛋白等,是诱发易感动物出现多关节炎的潜在抗原(表16一2)。一般情况下,II型、IX型和XI型胶原、软骨糖蛋白39、软骨基质蛋白和软骨连接蛋白诱发的多关节炎并没有脊柱炎。似乎只有蛋白多糖(聚合素和泛能素)才诱发骶髂关节炎和脊柱炎。这两种分子均是椎间盘的结构蛋白,而且已确定这两种分子的关节抗原和/或脊柱抗原的表位均存在同源性的氨基端G1球形结构区。这些区域显示泛能素和聚合素之间有明显的结构同源性(52%)。这种结构同源性只存在于G1球形结构区内,它们集中在聚合素G1结构区第115氨基酸残基至羧基端第332氨基酸残基之间的区域内,位于聚合素天然裂解位点DIPEN附近。 4 ^ [+ a4 E3 D6 R- p- ]) O5 O
~3 k; k: W8 h8 H 风湿性疾病,尤其是强直性脊柱炎的关节外病变很常见。许多关节外组织如眼的角膜和动脉的中层,也含有II型胶原、聚合素和泛能素的GI结构区及连接蛋白。泛能素还存在于中枢和周围神经系统中。因此,在关节外的相关组织有可能对软骨的Gl结构区和连接蛋白发生免疫交叉反应。在肌腱和上斜肌中出现泛能素也许可以对幼年或成年慢性类风湿关节炎患者同时出现一过性获得性 Brown综合征作出解释。因此,这些软骨蛋白在关节外的表达与风湿性疾病的关节外病变是否相关就成为一个令人感兴趣的课题。 ) p! x5 A1 x$ K) r' E
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三个不同的人类软骨基质分子的保守结构区有很强的同源性,它们依次是泛能素G1结构区(VG1),聚合素G1结构区(AGl)和连接蛋白。每种分子均可在BALB/c小鼠中诱发独特的关节炎。VG1仅仅诱发脊柱炎,连接蛋白诱发外周关节炎而没有脊柱炎,AG1能够同时诱发中轴和外周关节炎。 目前还不清楚为什么这些相似的分子能够造成不同组织的不同病变,其中具体的免疫致病机制有待进一步研究。
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