|
楼主 |
发表于 2008-12-16 13:32:51
|
显示全部楼层
24-12-第十二节 假痛风
一、病理改变 ) o/ E& M# V" v
假痛风病理改变以关节液中焦磷酸盐结晶沉积、透明软骨和纤维软骨钙化为特征。本病常反复发作,且多关节受累,其中以膝关节受累最为多见,耻骨联合、腕、肘、髋关节及椎间盘受累也常见。0 @. H" Z- g( G* ], e0 ]. [/ ]
二、X线表现
6 K% s s% x2 n+ T% l% t X线表现主要是:①关节内的透明软骨、纤维软骨关节钙化以及关节周围的滑膜、关节囊、肌腱和韧带钙化;②关节退行性改变。二者可同时或单独出现。
- a. X( p5 n. F- m& L2 B% J 纤维软骨受累以膝关节半月板、腕关节的三角软骨、耻骨联合、椎间盘纤维环、髋臼软骨和耳壳软骨等多见;透明软骨则以膝、髋、肩、肘和踝等关节软骨多见。X线所见钙化的特征常为对称性多发性关节内钙化,钙化灶呈线形,且与关节面相平行。膝关节的内侧面及髌股关节面的钙化较为明显(图24一36)。
& o" |5 ?; s6 ]2 X+ Q
7 i- s1 W$ V& P0 h& Y
4 M2 P; d5 j3 |% h3 M. d. ~
如髌股关节面钙化较重且独立存在时,尽管伴有骨质增生和关节间隙狭窄,也要想到本病的可能性。因本病严重时也可伴有退行性骨关节病的表现,如关节间隙狭窄、关节面硬化和关节边缘骨质增生等,有时可见关节面下囊性变和关节内游离体等改变。另外,本病有时可见到关节囊、滑膜及周围的韧带钙化,偶可见软组织及血管钙化。有时关节的钙化灶很小,需行微焦点放大摄片仔细观察才可见。值得指出的是,许多疾病都可见到关节钙化,如退行性骨关节病、甲状旁腺功能亢进症、血色素沉着、类风湿关节炎及关节外伤等,但这些疾病除有各自疾病本身的特点外,其X线所见的关节软骨钙化不具有本病的对称性和多发性的特点。虽然本病可合并甲状旁腺功能亢进症、褐黄病、糖尿病和肢端肥大症等疾病,但这些病的X线表现与本病X线表现同时出现的并不多见。; j+ H6 X; {2 Y- x5 C! t
( 余 卫 林 强 )
. {7 [/ t! ^4 S6 h6 r2 f 参考文献
H! C! h2 h I% @1 A7 F/ Q* h 曹来宾,张立安,徐爱德等 .强直性脊柱炎临床、实验室及影像学的相关分析与评估.中华放射学杂志,1995.2:95
2 `. I: A. b* C! A 蒋明、余卫、解毓章等 .强直性脊柱炎和类风湿关节炎的临床特点中国康复医学杂志,1991.6:252
- b$ Z. F* T$ L0 S- ]& _ 蒋明等.强直性脊柱炎和类风湿关节炎的临床特点 .中国康复医学杂志,1991.6:252
1 h4 S* y8 m# L1 S6 @7 m 李景学,孙鼎元主编 .骨关节X线诊断学 .北京:人民卫生出版社.1989 唐志学.痛风性关节炎的X线改变中华放射学杂志增刊,1987.38 ! C( D8 Y0 y/ v1 D/ u
肖征宇、余卫、张奉春等 男性与女性强直性脊柱炎的临床表现.中华内科杂志,1991.30:646一647 3 |' |1 |* j% u$ M. ^
阎世昌.100例早期类风湿关节炎的X线观察 .中华放射学杂志,1988.22:154
6 f. C6 c: J2 \) ] 余卫等.MRI在骨骼肌肉系统中的应用 .国外医学临床放射学分册,1992.15:136 ) x, u: m( B; |9 N
余卫等.类风湿关节炎腕关节骨侵蚀改变的CT检查.中华放射学杂志,1992.26:106 1 ~4 P% u; N7 }/ m0 W2 j
Boegard T, Jonsson K. Radiography in osteoarthritis of theknee. Skeletal Radiol,1999.28(11);605
, {! v9 s8 A1 ~6 E! s! G8 ` Bollow M, Braun J, Biedermann T, et al. Use of contrast-enhanced MR imaging to detect sacroilitis in children. SkeletalRadiol,1998. 27:606
$ d0 [) e8 w; ~; i Gilkson E, et al. Early detection of carpal erosion in patientswith rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study of magnetic resonanceimaging. J Rheum,1988.15:1361
0 ^0 m% @/ S# ^7 f' @, ]. w9 w+ h Helms CA. Arthritis. In: Helms CA. Fundamentals of Skele-tal Radiology. 2nd Ed Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. 1995. 115一145 + S) m& z6 [7 G" T9 ^
HerveSomma CMP, Sebag GH, Prieur AM. Juvenilerheumatoid arthritis of the knee: MR evaluation with Gd-DOTA.Radiology, 1992. 182:93 ) ?( e. b. m, r0 G
Mitchell DG et al. Magnetic resonance Imaging of the is-chemic Hip. Clin Orthop,1989. 244:60 2 K; n3 F+ M# H9 x
Murakami DM, et al. Advances in Imaging of RheumatoidArthritis Clin Orthop,1991.265:83
g% o$ u* M; d2 e+ R Ostergaard M, Gideon P, Sorensen K, et al. Scoring ofsynovial membrane hypertrophy and bone erosions by MR imagingin clinically active and inactive rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist.Scand J Rheumatol,1995.24:212
7 H( H& z! }. _% _ I9 r Poleksic L, Zdravkovic D, Jablanovic D, et al. Magneticresonance imaging of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis:Comparison with radiography. Skeletal Radio1,1993.22(8):577 . }; n2 z R- v9 X( x) a5 t- z
Resnick D. Connective tissue diseases. In: Resnick D. Diagno-sis of Bone and Joint Disorders. 2nd Ed Philadelphia: W. B.Saunders.1988.1266一1363 9 v) \; p2 A* r1 V& ?
Resnick D, Niwayama G. Rheumatoid arthritis and relateddiseases. In: Resnick D. Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders.2nd Ed Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. 1988. 894一1265 ! E8 Q* | i8 p. `6 V* ?
Stoller DW. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Orthopaedicsand Rheumatology. Philadephia:lippincott. 1989 ) F8 v" G2 p$ X/ Y$ E, A/ K8 e
Waldschmidt JG, Braunstein EM, Buckwalter KA. Mag-netic resonance imaging of osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin NorthAm, 1999.25:451
% e* M# S' s- B7 ~/ ~1 m Wei Y, Hsieh YC, Jiang M, et al. CT detection of wristbone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. Chinese Medical Journal,1993.106:509
$ I5 }4 v$ g/ W& t2 N0 K1 l! y- m7 c Wei Yu, Feng Feng,.Elizabeth Dion, et al. Comparison ofradiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonanceimaging in the detection of sacroilitis accompanying anklosingspondylitis. Skeletal Radio,l 1998.27:311一320
2 A! |& T1 E* m1 u/ @ Weissman BN, Rappoport AS, Sosman JL, et al. Radiograph-is findings in the hands in patients with systemic lupus erythe-matosus. Radiology, 1978.126:313 5 H8 N4 B4 w: c/ q/ Y- E5 t% o
Winalski CS, Aliabadi P, Wright RJ. Enhancement of jointfluid with intravenously administered gadopentetate dimeglumine:Technique, rationale, and implications. Radiology, 1993.187:179
% f4 d/ }2 ? r% b7 }+ o4 o Wright V. 1978 Psoriatic arthritis. In Scott JT(ed):Cope-man's Text-book of the Rheumatic Diseases, 5th ed. Edinburgh,Churchill Livingston, 1993. P537 |
|