|
![](static/image/common/ico_lz.png)
楼主 |
发表于 2008-12-16 10:27:52
|
显示全部楼层
31-3-第三节 小 结
滑液分析是一种快速、有效的临床辅助检查手段,对关节炎的诊断和鉴别诊断具有特殊意义。滑液的细菌培养和晶体识别可以为诊断提供特殊线索,而滑液的大体检查、某些实验室检查,例如,白细胞计数与分类、总蛋白和补体检测、血清-滑液的葡萄糖浓度比等为诊断提供了辅助资料。客观依据的分析和实践表明,如果有足够的滑液,如0.5ml或者更多,滑液的镜下分析应该是首选的。在很多情况下,这是惟一需要进行的分析手段。而且,滑液的镜下分析是惟一广泛用于诊断从类风湿关节炎到半月板损伤,从多中心网状组织细胞增多症到化脓性关节炎,从血清阴性的脊柱关节病变到痛风等风湿病的检测手段。滑液的镜下检查对于鉴别炎性和非炎性病变,尤其在患者表现为单个关节或者寡关节病变时具有重要意义。滑液的镜下细胞学检查有利于诊断早期的关节疾患,至少在疾病的临床特征没有充分表现以前,可以帮助区分类风湿关节炎、血清阴性的脊柱关节病变和炎性关节病变。利用关节镜的镜下检查还可以快速诊断关节疾病,尤其在化脓性关节炎,预后往往与诊断早晚密切相关。滑液分析为人们提供了一些预后资料和有用的研究手段,它简单、有效,便宜而且可靠。 3 ~% q& @, e) [, C
9 s6 ]$ {( i l8 X/ ^' _" T- {" {4 D 通过对以往病例的回顾分析,某种关节疾病可能具有特异的镜下所见。在针对1000份关节滑液的研究中,双盲分析可以帮助近50%的关节疾患明确诊断,与临床其他资料结合可以提供 46%的诊断和预后资料。如果加上典型的临床资料,确诊率可以达到64%,但是仍然有4%的病例不能确诊。 , W* I! S6 h. m' `2 f3 Z) J
' L! Y; ~8 l# h 进一步研究滑液将对风湿病产生重要的理论和实践意义。目前,滑液分析作为一种重要的诊断方法,迫切需要人们对其分析过程进行标准化,并建立独立评估的质控体系。 % H. C& w; z# g) p! `
(孙铁铮)
+ z- H: S/ u# X/ K0 _# B/ U 参考文献:/ F* v+ y/ W$ D6 L; J3 G- L' j
/ K! R3 z# P* F Aman S, Risteli J, Luukkainen R, et al. The value of syn-ovial fluid analysis in the assessment of knee joint destruction inarthritis in a three year follow up study. Ann Rheum Dis, 1999.58:559一562
- J5 r6 T: t3 S; U$ q( l
: A2 ~( \$ ?$ ^& y/ `; b0 h Braun J, Tuszewski M, Eggens U, et al. Nested poly-merase chain reaction strategy simultaneously targeting DNA se-quences of multiple bacterial species in inflammatory joint disease.1. Screening of synovial fluid samples of patients with spondy-loarthropathies and other arthritides. J Rheumatol, 1997. 24:1092一1100
6 A+ b& I$ D" e; R8 C) f9 f% o3 a# A
Cunningham T, Vebelhant D, Very JM, et al. Synovial flu-id hydroxyapatite crystals: detection threshold of two methods.Ann Rheu Dis, 1989.48:829一831 : D C) z# Z' I& S! \' u3 f1 `
: n8 s6 [! w+ `' |- O9 E
Dieppe P, Swan A. Identification of crystals in synovial flu-id. Ann Rheum Dis, 1999.58:261一263
) Y* T* N" b% @4 L
% L1 F' }6 {2 U. s Dieppe P, Pascal E, Swan A. The identificationin synovial fluids; the EULAR quality control initiative.tology in Europe. 1997.26:74一75。
* J& j! x6 z& |6 z3 V# o( O$ z+ Y+ |' ~ S$ j- {# a, ]
Duff GP, Lachiewicz PF, Kelley SS. Aspiration of the kneejoint before revision arthroplasty. Clin Orthop, 1996.331:132一139
3 p) m) L4 o/ q! X! |. c
( U5 Q \( l6 ]- Y( [5 r1 V Fiechtner JJ, Simkin PA. Urate spherulites in gouty synovi-a. JAMA. 1981.245:1533一1536 T5 ]; A( M m# F0 V
, f6 U% E+ w; t. B; z Freemont AL Denton J, Chuck A, et al. Diagnostic value ofsynovialRheu Dismicroscopy: a reassessment and rationalization. Ann1991.50:101一107
# n, A7 u T" R5 h, k" H9 o" f% `% E [' m$ _1 E& L( P$ k
Freemont AJ. Microscopic analysis of synovial fluid-the per-fect diagnostic test? Ann Rheum Dis. 1996. 55:695一697
/ V0 _5 T" Z# \0 O' r
, ]/ N5 k4 z' C1 [ Galvez J, Sola J, Ortuno, G, et al. Microscopic rice bodiesin the rheumatoid synovial fluid sediments nearly specific for RA.J Rheumatol 1992.19:1851一1858 + g6 k, Z; g7 J+ o2 B
. D1 K' Q5 Q) ^9 V2 R: S3 i, O Gatter RA, Schumacher HR. A practical handbook of jointfluid analysis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea&Febiger.1991 6 P) s/ D; c v! |/ _9 H
. B0 p' ]' H# H( I) v4 O! _; Q
Ghosh P. The role of hyaluronic acid in health and disease:interactions with cells, cartilage and components of synovial fluid.Clin Exp Rheumatol, 1994.12:75一82 3 @4 T. _' _$ Z; h
I/ K7 w' j8 Q2 y6 Q Lazavevic MB, Skosey, LL, Vitic J, et al. Cholesterolcrystals in synovial and bursal fluid. Semin Arthritis Rheum,1993.23:99一103
^$ h! l) }+ Z: q- d: u) i# c0 X4 A) [7 U3 j3 Y6 `
Lazcano O, Chin-Yang LI, Pierre RV, et al. Clinical utilityof the Alizarin Red S stain on permenant preparations to detectcalcium-containing compounds in synovial fluids. Arme J ClinPath, 1993.99:90一96 # X% ?1 v+ v/ m: r& b2 H* c! y7 F
& ^ u( e0 Y2 d4 J/ B, X3 ^
Mann D, Schmuacher HR. Pseudosepsis in rheumatoidarthritis due to cellular and lipid abnormalities in synovial fluid. BrJ Rheumatol 1995.31:625一626
9 R$ b3 m2 P6 X1 }! T" k/ C* e- B/ h1 r) G
McCarty DJ. Synovial fluid. In: Koopman WJ,eds. Arthri-tis and allied conditions. Th ed. Lea&Febiger, 1997: 81一99 ?5 S; D, b; f, y
% M9 @! q; B& P S6 I8 P Muroz-Gomez J, et al. Synovial fluid examination for the di-agnosis of synovial amyloidosis in patients with chronic renal fail-ure undergoing hemodialysis. Ann Rheum Dis, 1987.324: 3一26
* _: n7 Y8 V/ _8 \2 Y; h8 A- M( I4 S# y3 B H
Padeh S. High synovial immunoglobin E levels ineosinophilic synovitis. J Pediat 1992. 121:417一419
) h- l, K4 M# d3 L; R# j
( j2 o" H6 H$ R; A Pal B, Nash EJ, Oppenheim B, et al. Routine synovial fluidculture: is it necessary? Lesson from an audit. British J Rheuma-tol. 1997.36:1116一1117 |
|